pytorch实现用CNN和LSTM对文本进行分类方式

发布日期： 2026-01-12 阅读量： 作者： 用户投稿

model.py：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
import torch
from torch import nn
import numpy as np
from torch.autograd import Variable
import torch.nn.functional as F
 
class TextRNN(nn.Module):
  """文本分类，RNN模型"""
  def __init__(self):
    super(TextRNN, self).__init__()
    # 三个待输入的数据
    self.embedding = nn.Embedding(5000, 64) # 进行词嵌入
    # self.rnn = nn.LSTM(input_size=64, hidden_size=128, num_layers=2, bidirectional=True)
    self.rnn = nn.GRU(input_size=64, hidden_size=128, num_layers=2, bidirectional=True)
    self.f1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(256,128),
                nn.Dropout(0.8),
                nn.ReLU())
    self.f2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(128,10),
                nn.Softmax())
 
  def forward(self, x):
    x = self.embedding(x)
    x,_ = self.rnn(x)
    x = F.dropout(x,p=0.8)
    x = self.f1(x[:,-1,:])
    return self.f2(x)
 
class TextCNN(nn.Module):
  def __init__(self):
    super(TextCNN, self).__init__()
    self.embedding = nn.Embedding(5000,64)
    self.conv = nn.Conv1d(64,256,5)
    self.f1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(256*596, 128),
                nn.ReLU())
    self.f2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(128, 10),
                nn.Softmax())
  def forward(self, x):
    x = self.embedding(x)
    x = x.detach().numpy()
    x = np.transpose(x,[0,2,1])
    x = torch.Tensor(x)
    x = Variable(x)
    x = self.conv(x)
    x = x.view(-1,256*596)
    x = self.f1(x)
    return self.f2(x)

train.py：

# coding: utf-8
 
from __future__ import print_function
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch import optim
from torch.autograd import Variable
import os
 
import numpy as np
 
from model import TextRNN,TextCNN
from cnews_loader import read_vocab, read_category, batch_iter, process_file, build_vocab
 
base_dir = 'cnews'
train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.train.txt')
test_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.test.txt')
val_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.val.txt')
vocab_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.vocab.txt')
 
 
def train():
  x_train, y_train = process_file(train_dir, word_to_id, cat_to_id,600)#获取训练数据每个字的id和对应标签的oe-hot形式
  x_val, y_val = process_file(val_dir, word_to_id, cat_to_id,600)
  #使用LSTM或者CNN
  model = TextRNN()
  # model = TextCNN()
  #选择损失函数
  Loss = nn.MultiLabelSoftMarginLoss()
  # Loss = nn.BCELoss()
  # Loss = nn.MSELoss()
  optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(),lr=0.001)
  best_val_acc = 0
  for epoch in range(1000):
    batch_train = batch_iter(x_train, y_train,100)
    for x_batch, y_batch in batch_train:
      x = np.array(x_batch)
      y = np.array(y_batch)
      x = torch.LongTensor(x)
      y = torch.Tensor(y)
      # y = torch.LongTensor(y)
      x = Variable(x)
      y = Variable(y)
      out = model(x)
      loss = Loss(out,y)
      optimizer.zero_grad()
      loss.backward()
      optimizer.step()
      accracy = np.mean((torch.argmax(out,1)==torch.argmax(y,1)).numpy())
    #对模型进行验证
    if (epoch+1)%20 == 0:
      batch_val = batch_iter(x_val, y_val, 100)
      for x_batch, y_batch in batch_train:
        x = np.array(x_batch)
        y = np.array(y_batch)
        x = torch.LongTensor(x)
        y = torch.Tensor(y)
        # y = torch.LongTensor(y)
        x = Variable(x)
        y = Variable(y)
        out = model(x)
        loss = Loss(out, y)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        accracy = np.mean((torch.argmax(out, 1) == torch.argmax(y, 1)).numpy())
        if accracy > best_val_acc:
          torch.save(model.state_dict(),'model_params.pkl')
          best_val_acc = accracy
        print(accracy)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  #获取文本的类别及其对应id的字典
  categories, cat_to_id = read_category()
  #获取训练文本中所有出现过的字及其所对应的id
  words, word_to_id = read_vocab(vocab_dir)
  #获取字数
  vocab_size = len(words)
  train()

test.py：

# coding: utf-8
 
from __future__ import print_function
 
import os
import tensorflow.contrib.keras as kr
import torch
from torch import nn
from cnews_loader import read_category, read_vocab
from model import TextRNN
from torch.autograd import Variable
import numpy as np
try:
  bool(type(unicode))
except NameError:
  unicode = str
 
base_dir = 'cnews'
vocab_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.vocab.txt')
 
class TextCNN(nn.Module):
  def __init__(self):
    super(TextCNN, self).__init__()
    self.embedding = nn.Embedding(5000,64)
    self.conv = nn.Conv1d(64,256,5)
    self.f1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(152576, 128),
                nn.ReLU())
    self.f2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(128, 10),
                nn.Softmax())
  def forward(self, x):
    x = self.embedding(x)
    x = x.detach().numpy()
    x = np.transpose(x,[0,2,1])
    x = torch.Tensor(x)
    x = Variable(x)
    x = self.conv(x)
    x = x.view(-1,152576)
    x = self.f1(x)
    return self.f2(x)
 
class CnnModel:
  def __init__(self):
    self.categories, self.cat_to_id = read_category()
    self.words, self.word_to_id = read_vocab(vocab_dir)
    self.model = TextCNN()
    self.model.load_state_dict(torch.load('model_params.pkl'))
 
  def predict(self, message):
    # 支持不论在python2还是python3下训练的模型都可以在2或者3的环境下运行
    content = unicode(message)
    data = [self.word_to_id[x] for x in content if x in self.word_to_id]
    data = kr.preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences([data],600)
    data = torch.LongTensor(data)
    y_pred_cls = self.model(data)
    class_index = torch.argmax(y_pred_cls[0]).item()
    return self.categories[class_index]
 
class RnnModel:
  def __init__(self):
    self.categories, self.cat_to_id = read_category()
    self.words, self.word_to_id = read_vocab(vocab_dir)
    self.model = TextRNN()
    self.model.load_state_dict(torch.load('model_rnn_params.pkl'))
 
  def predict(self, message):
    # 支持不论在python2还是python3下训练的模型都可以在2或者3的环境下运行
    content = unicode(message)
    data = [self.word_to_id[x] for x in content if x in self.word_to_id]
    data = kr.preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences([data], 600)
    data = torch.LongTensor(data)
    y_pred_cls = self.model(data)
    class_index = torch.argmax(y_pred_cls[0]).item()
    return self.categories[class_index]
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  model = CnnModel()
  # model = RnnModel()
  test_demo = ['湖人助教力助科比恢复手感 他也是阿泰的精神导师新浪体育讯记者戴高乐报道 上赛季，科比的右手食指遭遇重创，他的投篮手感也因此大受影响。不过很快科比就调整了自己的投篮手型，并通过这一方式让自己的投篮命中率回升。而在这科比背后，有一位特别助教对科比帮助很大，他就是查克·珀森。珀森上赛季担任湖人的特别助教，除了帮助科比调整投篮手型之外，他的另一个重要任务就是担任阿泰的精神导师。来到湖人队之后，阿泰收敛起了暴躁的脾气，成为湖人夺冠路上不可或缺的一员，珀森的“心灵按摩”功不可没。经历了上赛季的成功之后，珀森本赛季被“升职”成为湖人队的全职助教，每场比赛，他都会坐在球场边，帮助禅师杰克逊一起指挥湖人球员在场上拼杀。对于珀森的工作，禅师非常欣赏，“查克非常善于分析问题，”菲尔·杰克逊说，“他总是在寻找问题的答案，同时也在找造成这一问题的原因，这是我们都非常乐于看到的。我会在平时把防守中出现的一些问题交给他，然后他会通过组织球员练习找到解决的办法。他在球员时代曾是一名很好的外线投手，不过现在他与内线球员的配合也相当不错。',
         '弗老大被裁美国媒体看热闹“特权”在中国像蠢蛋弗老大要走了。虽然他只在首钢男篮效力了13天，而且表现毫无亮点，大大地让球迷和俱乐部失望了，但就像中国人常说的“好聚好散”，队友还是友好地与他告别，俱乐部与他和平分手，球迷还请他留下了在北京的最后一次签名。相比之下，弗老大的同胞美国人却没那么“宽容”。他们嘲讽这位NBA前巨星的英雄迟暮，批评他在CBA的业余表现，还惊讶于中国人的“大方”。今天，北京首钢俱乐部将与弗朗西斯继续商讨解约一事。从昨日的进展来看，双方可以做到“买卖不|成人|意在”，但回到美国后，恐怕等待弗朗西斯的就没有这么轻松的环境了。进展@北京昨日与队友告别 最后一次为球迷签名弗朗西斯在13天里为首钢队打了4场比赛，3场的得分为0，只有一场得了2分。昨天是他来到北京的第14天，虽然他与首钢还未正式解约，但双方都明白“缘分已尽”。下午，弗朗西斯来到首钢俱乐部与队友们告别。弗朗西斯走到队友身边，依次与他们握手拥抱。“你们都对我很好，安排的条件也很好，我很喜欢这支球队，想融入你们，但我现在真的很不适应。希望你们']
  for i in test_demo:
    print(i,":",model.predict(i))

cnews_loader.py：

# coding: utf-8
 
import sys
from collections import Counter
 
import numpy as np
import tensorflow.contrib.keras as kr
 
if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
  is_py3 = True
else:
  reload(sys)
  sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
  is_py3 = False
 
 
def native_word(word, encoding='utf-8'):
  """如果在python2下面使用python3训练的模型，可考虑调用此函数转化一下字符编码"""
  if not is_py3:
    return word.encode(encoding)
  else:
    return word
 
 
def native_content(content):
  if not is_py3:
    return content.decode('utf-8')
  else:
    return content
 
 
def open_file(filename, mode='r'):
  """
  常用文件操作，可在python2和python3间切换.
  mode: 'r' or 'w' for read or write
  """
  if is_py3:
    return open(filename, mode, encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore')
  else:
    return open(filename, mode)
 
 
def read_file(filename):
  """读取文件数据"""
  contents, labels = [], []
  with open_file(filename) as f:
    for line in f:
      try:
        label, content = line.strip().split('\t')
        if content:
          contents.append(list(native_content(content)))
          labels.append(native_content(label))
      except:
        pass
  return contents, labels
 
 
def build_vocab(train_dir, vocab_dir, vocab_size=5000):
  """根据训练集构建词汇表，存储"""
  data_train, _ = read_file(train_dir)
 
  all_data = []
  for content in data_train:
    all_data.extend(content)
 
  counter = Counter(all_data)
  count_pairs = counter.most_common(vocab_size - 1)
  words, _ = list(zip(*count_pairs))
  # 添加一个 <PAD> 来将所有文本pad为同一长度
  words = ['<PAD>'] + list(words)
  open_file(vocab_dir, mode='w').write('\n'.join(words) + '\n')
 
 
def read_vocab(vocab_dir):
  """读取词汇表"""
  # words = open_file(vocab_dir).read().strip().split('\n')
  with open_file(vocab_dir) as fp:
    # 如果是py2 则每个值都转化为unicode
    words = [native_content(_.strip()) for _ in fp.readlines()]
  word_to_id = dict(zip(words, range(len(words))))
  return words, word_to_id
 
 
def read_category():
  """读取分类目录，固定"""
  categories = ['体育', '财经', '房产', '家居', '教育', '科技', '时尚', '时政', '游戏', '娱乐']
 
  categories = [native_content(x) for x in categories]
 
  cat_to_id = dict(zip(categories, range(len(categories))))
 
  return categories, cat_to_id
 
 
def to_words(content, words):
  """将id表示的内容转换为文字"""
  return ''.join(words[x] for x in content)
 
 
def process_file(filename, word_to_id, cat_to_id, max_length=600):
  """将文件转换为id表示"""
  contents, labels = read_file(filename)#读取训练数据的每一句话及其所对应的类别
  data_id, label_id = [], []
  for i in range(len(contents)):
    data_id.append([word_to_id[x] for x in contents[i] if x in word_to_id])#将每句话id化
    label_id.append(cat_to_id[labels[i]])#每句话对应的类别的id
  #
  # # 使用keras提供的pad_sequences来将文本pad为固定长度
  x_pad = kr.preprocessing.sequence.pad_sequences(data_id, max_length)
  y_pad = kr.utils.to_categorical(label_id, num_classes=len(cat_to_id)) # 将标签转换为one-hot表示
  #
  return x_pad, y_pad
 
 
def batch_iter(x, y, batch_size=64):
  """生成批次数据"""
  data_len = len(x)
  num_batch = int((data_len - 1) / batch_size) + 1
 
  indices = np.random.permutation(np.arange(data_len))
  x_shuffle = x[indices]
  y_shuffle = y[indices]
 
  for i in range(num_batch):
    start_id = i * batch_size
    end_id = min((i + 1) * batch_size, data_len)
    yield x_shuffle[start_id:end_id], y_shuffle[start_id:end_id]

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